The third-year students majoring in 035 Philology began their studies (2024) in the course “Comparative Studies” taught by Professor O. Kolesnyk. The lecture was devoted to stylistics and text analysis. Stylistics examines different levels of language in terms of the choice and effectiveness of their units for conveying thought and emotion in various communication settings. Different levels of language are studied by different sciences, such as theoretical phonetics, lexicology, and theoretical grammar. And to study the stylistic features of the units of these levels, of course, the basics of language knowledge are necessary. Any stylistic device can be interpreted as a stylistically significant deviation from the norm. In order to determine a stylistic deviation from the norm, one must know the normative rules and laws of a particular language. On this basis, it is quite logical to assert that stylistics is based on data from almost all language sciences. Stylistics is connected with the history of language. It is well known that the use of archaic forms in the text of fiction, particularly in poetry, can have stylistic significance. To identify this significance, to decode it, knowledge of the forms of Old English, Middle English, and Early New English is necessary. The appearance of archaic forms in a text gives a statement a special color and expression.
The theory and practice of translation play a special role in such a field as comparative stylistics. Knowledge of lexicology is necessary for identifying the significance of morphological stylistic devices (morphological repetition and authorial innovations). The study of lexical stylistic devices requires the skills of analyzing the nature of the interaction of different types of meaning, comparing linguistic and stylistic tropes, and determining the functional belonging of a word. Almost every section of lexicology can provide useful information for stylistics. Practical and theoretical grammar help to identify stylistically significant deviations at the level of grammar and syntax, such as inversion, syntactic linking, and syntactic transposition. Stylistics, therefore, is closely related to almost all linguistic sciences and relies on them.